On Saturday, Jan. 24, from 10:15 to 10:25 a.m., Tomaz Mesar, MD, from the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, will present An Age-Based Analysis of Transcatheter and Surgical Outcomes in Low-Risk Patients. The study compares outcomes of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) and surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) in low-risk patients with aortic stenosis, with a particular focus on the impact of age on treatment outcomes.
Using a combined STS and TVT database, Dr. Mesar analyzed low-risk patients who underwent either SAVR or TAVR for degenerative aortic stenosis over a 13-year period, categorizing them into three age groups: under 65, 65-74, and over 75.
As part of the “Updates in Structural Heart: Surgeons are Still in the Game” session, Dr. Mesar will present on the crucial role of age in determining the optimal approach—TAVR or SAVR—for structural heart interventions. His presentation will address how current findings suggest that TAVR may not be suitable for younger, low-risk patients due to observed higher mortality rates.
For patients aged 65-74, the choice between TAVR and SAVR requires a personalized assessment, as neither procedure demonstrates a clear survival advantage. Finally, for patients over 75, while TAVR may offer a reduction in certain complications, SAVR appears to provide better long-term survival outcomes for this patient population.
Evaluating the performance of congenital heart surgery centers is essential for improving patient outcomes. However, traditional methods of assessing performance have their limitations. At yesterday’s STS 2025 session, Sharon-Lise Normand, PhD, a professor of health care policy at Harvard Medical School, presented Improving Risk Adjustment in the Assessment of Congenital Heart Center Surgical Quality, which explored the use of modern causal inference techniques. These techniques aimed to better account for differences in case mix across centers, enhance risk adjustment, and provide a more accurate evaluation of center performance.
Utilizing data from the STS Congenital Database over a five-year period, the study examined 115 heart surgery centers across the United States. It compared two approaches for predicting postoperative mortality rates:
Traditional Method: This approach employed a statistical model that included data from all types of heart surgeries, even those that differed significantly from the procedures performed at the specific center.
Causal Inference Method: In contrast, this method focused on identifying other centers that performed similar surgeries and compared the outcomes of patients at those centers to those at the center under study.
Key findings
Dr. Normand discussed how the study revealed that causal inference methods yielded significantly higher and more variable estimates of expected mortality compared to traditional regression models. This suggests that traditional methods may underestimate the complexity of risk adjustment and the variability in performance across different centers. Additionally, causal inference methods were more effective in aligning the distribution of risk factors between comparison and target centers, leading to more accurate estimates of expected mortality.
Implications
These findings emphasize the potential of causal inference methods to provide a more tailored approach to risk adjustment, enhancing the accuracy of performance assessments across various centers. “Further research is needed to explore the implications of these methods for quality improvement and reporting,” said Dr. Normand. “By refining risk adjustment techniques, we can more effectively identify high-performing centers, pinpoint areas for improvement, and ultimately contribute to better outcomes for patients with congenital heart disease.”
LOS ANGELES—January 24, 2025—In patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), a novel analysis evaluating surgeon preference for multi- versus single-arterial grafting may help explain the differing results between prior retrospective analyses and randomized controlled trials regarding long-term survival.
The Society of Thoracic Surgeons today announced the 2025 Nina Starr Braunwald Extraordinary Women in Cardiothoracic Surgery Award recipients at its 61st Annual Meeting in Los Angeles. Now in its third year, the award is co-sponsored by STS and Women in Thoracic Surgery (WTS) and honors women cardiothoracic surgeons who have demonstrated exceptional clinical expertise and made significant contributions to the field.
This year’s recipients are Jessica Donington, MD; Stephanie Fuller, MD; and Aya Saito, MD.
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2025 Nina Starr Braunwald Extraordinary Women in CT Surgery Award recipients (l to r) Dr. Ayo Saito, Dr. Jessica Donington, and Dr. Stephanie Fuller.
“It is our privilege to honor these exceptional women and celebrate their achievements as surgeons, leaders, and mentors,” said STS President Jennifer C. Romano, MD, MS. “They inspire and empower the next generation of cardiothoracic surgeons, both women and men, to reach new heights in their fields.”
Meet these exceptional women surgeons:
Dr. Jessica Donington, a thoracic surgeon specializing in benign and malignant chest diseases, is at the forefront of the fight against lung cancer. As professor of surgery and chief of thoracic surgery at UChicago Medicine and director of lung cancer screening at UChicago, she leads thoracic oncology research, focusing on early detection and innovative surgical approaches. Her groundbreaking clinical trials are transforming patient care by paving the way for earlier diagnosis and more effective treatments.
As an advocate for equitable access to screenings and life-saving treatments, particularly for underserved communities on Chicago’s South Side, Dr. Donington works tirelessly to ensure all individuals have the opportunity for timely intervention.
With a strong commitment to advancing the field, Dr. Donington has accepted leadership roles at prominent cardiothoracic surgery organizations. As a past president of Women in Thoracic Surgery, New York Society for Thoracic Surgery, and Western Thoracic Surgical Association, Dr. Donington has championed opportunities for future generations, especially women in the field. She is a member of the American Board of Thoracic Surgery and serves on the editorial boards of the Annals of Thoracic Surgery, Journal of Thoracic Oncology, and CHEST.
Dr. Donington is not only an accomplished surgeon and researcher but also a dedicated educator, earning numerous awards for her exceptional ability to inspire students, residents, and fellows, including the American Society of Clinical Oncology Excellence in Teaching Award and the Distinguished Leader in Program Innovation from the University of Chicago’s Biological Sciences Division. A sought-after speaker both locally and internationally, she continues to shape the future of thoracic surgery through her unwavering commitment to patient care, research, and education.
Several of Dr. Donington’s peers have noted that her influence will resonate for decades, underscoring her enduring impact on both the surgical community and her patients.
Dr. Stephanie Fuller serves as the Thomas L. Spray, MD, Endowed Chair in Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP), where she is known for her innovative approach to treating congenital heart conditions in both children and adults. Leading the Philadelphia Adult Congenital Heart Center, she passionately advocates for lifelong care for adult survivors, ensuring they receive continuity in care from doctors familiar with the unique aspects of pediatric cancer survivorship. Her roles at the University of Pennsylvania and Pennsylvania Hospital further underscore her dedication to patient care.
Dr. Fuller is a respected researcher who has significantly contributed to understanding neurodevelopmental outcomes and quality of life following heart surgery. Her research emphasizes the importance of addressing both the physical and emotional well-being of patients. She is considered a pioneer in pushing the boundaries of medical knowledge to advance a more holistic approach to cardiac care.
Beyond her clinical and research work, Dr. Fuller is a dedicated mentor, shaping the next generation of surgeons as program director for the Congenital Cardiothoracic Fellowship at CHOP. She instills in her trainees the same passion and dedication that characterize her own career. The success of her mentees, many of whom have assumed leadership positions, reflects her commitment to fostering an inclusive and supportive learning environment.
Dr. Fuller’s leadership extends to national and international levels through her role as an oral examiner for the American Board of Thoracic Surgery and her position as the 2025 Chair of the STS Annual Meeting Workforce. She is a strong advocate for gender equity in healthcare, promoting an inclusive environment where all can thrive.
Dr. Aya Saito, a cardiac surgeon, is recognized as one whose remarkable career has redefined the landscape of a traditionally male-dominated field. In 2023, she made history as the first female chairperson of the department of surgery at Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, an achievement with far-reaching implications for Japanese and Asian medicine.
Dr. Saito’s impressive background includes training at Yokohama City University School of Medicine, a PhD in cryopreserved heart valves from the University of Tokyo, and a clinical fellowship in cardiothoracic surgery and heart transplantation at the University of Western Ontario Hospital. Specializing in adult cardiac surgery, she is recognized for her expertise in off-pump coronary artery bypass, valvular heart disease, and aortic surgery, providing exceptional and compassionate care, especially to high-risk elderly patients.
Beyond her clinical practice, Dr. Saito is a trailblazing researcher. Her pivotal work on cryopreserved allogeneic vascular tissues, published in the Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, is highly regarded. She also spearheads the Japan Cardiovascular Surgery Database, which is influencing global clinical practices and raising standards in patient care.
Dr. Saito is deeply committed to mentorship and has founded Women in Thoracic Surgery in Japan, creating a supportive and empowering community for aspiring female surgeons. Dr. Saito’s colleagues emphasize that many of the achievements of women thoracic surgeons in Japan are directly attributable to her mentorship, highlighting her significant role in advancing and supporting women in the specialty — demonstrating that the future of medicine thrives when diverse voices are heard and valued.
“These exceptional women are essential voices in cardiothoracic surgery,” said Daniela Molena, MD, president of Women in Thoracic Surgery. “Each of them exemplifies the qualities needed to advance our specialty and inspire the next generation of women cardiothoracic surgery leaders.”
At the 2025 Society of Thoracic Surgeons Annual Meeting, researchers will unveil a late-breaking study exploring the long-term survival outcomes of different surgical approaches for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The analysis leveraged the robust STS General Thoracic Surgery Database (GTSD), combined with long-term follow-up data, to evaluate the effectiveness of anatomic lung resections versus alternative techniques.
The study, to be presented by Dr. Christopher Seder, Rush University Medical Center, examined data from more than 32,000 patients, provides valuable real-world insights that complement existing randomized controlled trials, offering a comprehensive perspective on how surgical decisions influence outcomes over time. With findings drawn from diverse healthcare settings, this research underscores the potential of leveraging large-scale databases to refine treatment strategies and optimize patient care.
The STS GTSD remains a leading resource for capturing detailed surgical and patient data, driving advancements in cardiothoracic surgery. This latest study adds to its legacy by highlighting the importance of integrating real-world evidence into clinical practice.
The Congenital Heart Surgery Clark Paper, Understanding Mortality Following Congenital Heart Surgery: What Do Procedure-Specific Factors (PSF) Add? will assess the contribution of PSFs beyond standard risk factors in estimating mortality in this population.
Meena Nathan, MD, a pediatric cardiac surgeon at Children’s Hospital Boston, will present this paper on Friday, Jan. 24, from 2:16 to 2:24 p.m. as part of the "The Tribulations of Trials: Challenges in CHD Clinical Studies" session. During her talk, she will discuss data from The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Congenital Heart Surgery Database, a crucial resource for enhancing the quality of congenital heart surgery. In 2013, the Database expanded to include 82 Patient Safety Factors (PSFs) for benchmark operations (BMOs), though the impact of these PSFs on mortality prediction has yet to be fully explored.
To address this knowledge gap, Dr. Nathan and her team analyzed the contribution of PSFs to mortality estimation beyond standard STS risk factors. The study included a large cohort of BMOs from 115 U.S. centers between 2017 and 2022.
Dr. Nathan will present study findings, which emphasize the complexity of mortality prediction in congenital heart surgery and highlight the need for continued research to identify the most relevant risk factors and PSFs for each procedure, with the goal of developing more accurate prediction models that enhance patient care and support informed decision-making.
In patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), a novel analysis evaluating surgeon preference for multi- versus single-arterial grafting may help explain the differing results between prior retrospective analyses and randomized controlled trials regarding long-term survival.
A novel study to be presented on Friday, Jan. 24, at The Society of Thoracic Surgeons’ 61st Annual Meeting by lead author Justin Schaffer, MD, a cardiothoracic surgeon at Baylor Scott & White Health, offers fresh insights into the long-debated question of whether multi-arterial grafting (MAG) improves long-term survival compared to single-arterial grafting (SAG) in patients undergoing CABG. The analysis evaluates over one million Medicare beneficiaries and incorporates an innovative approach using surgeon preference as a tool to address unmeasured variables.
While the findings highlight nuances in interpreting retrospective and randomized trial data, they also underscore the need for future randomized studies, such as the forthcoming results of the ROMA trial, to definitively guide clinical decision-making.
The researchers emphasized that understanding the survival benefit of MAG over SAG requires randomized data, and it remains an important and open clinical question.
In today’s presentation of the Clark Memorial Paper for General Thoracic Surgery, Lobectomy versus Sublobar Resection Among Lung Cancer Patients Understudied in Recent Clinical Trials, Gavitt Woodard, MD, a thoracic surgeon at Yale Medicine, will discuss the findings of a comprehensive evaluation of lung cancer surgery outcomes.
This study examined survival outcomes across groups to determine whether the trial’s results are widely applicable to a broader population, including older patients, those with reduced pulmonary function, and non-smokers.
Researchers analyzed data from the Society of Thoracic Surgeons General Thoracic Surgery Database, linking it with Medicare survival data to evaluate patient outcomes. The study included a diverse group of patients who underwent different surgical resections, including lobectomy, segmentectomy, and wedge resection.
“The study found that sublobar resection and lobectomy offer similar survival outcomes for many patients, including those over 75, with poor lung function, or who are lifelong nonsmokers,” said Dr. Woodard. "Inadequate lymph node evaluation during sublobar resection was associated with worse survival. These findings highlight the need for better nodal assessment, particularly for patients with compromised lungs or minimal lymph node spread."
On Thursday, Jan. 23, the Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) kicked off its pre-conference for STS 2025. The program featured three concurrent half-day symposia designed to enhance attendees' educational experience at this year's Annual Meeting.
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The symposium, Lung Cancer: Clinical Trials Meet Clinical Practice, explored the rapidly evolving landscape of early-stage and locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Through interactive formats, participants examined recent diagnostic breakthroughs and key clinical trials, gaining practical strategies to integrate this knowledge into their daily practice.
The STS APP Conference: Redesigning the Future Together marked the inaugural program dedicated to advanced practice providers (APPs) in cardiothoracic surgery. This event focused on innovative ways to enhance the role of APPs, strengthen clinical management, and present strategies for professional success and leadership. Expert-led sessions and collaborative discussions provided attendees with valuable insights into improving patient care, driving clinical excellence, and fostering career development.
The Aortic Universe: From Birth to Adulthood symposium provided a comprehensive overview of aortic disease across all age groups. Participants learned about diagnosing, treating, and managing the full spectrum of congenital and acquired aortic conditions. "Through videos, detailed case-based presentations, and surgical techniques, these courses helped strengthen our ability to provide the highest level of care to those affected by aortic disease," said course co-director Ibrahim Sultan, MD, a cardiothoracic surgeon at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center.
The Society of Thoracic Surgeons is thrilled to reassemble for its 61st Annual Meeting Jan. 24-26 in Los Angeles, which brings together cardiothoracic surgeons from around the globe and features late-breaking scientific research, cutting-edge technologies, innovative cardiothoracic surgery products, dynamic and interactive training, and impactful networking and mentorship opportunities.
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STS 2025 will take place in Los Angeles.
Held at the Los Angeles Convention Center, the meeting offers attendees — more than 2,000 professionals at all career stages— a seamless experience with plenary sessions, breakout sessions, and the exhibit hall all conveniently located. That makes it easy for attendees to navigate and connect with colleagues and industry leaders.
On Thursday, Jan. 23, three concurrent half-day pre-conference symposia will enhance the educational experience. These sessions will cover advancements in lung cancer, the diagnosis and treatment of aortic disease for patients of all ages, and more.
The first day of the Annual Meeting will kick off with the Nina Starr Braunwald Extraordinary Women in Cardiothoracic Surgery Awards breakfast. The event, co-hosted by STS and Women in Thoracic Surgery, will celebrate women cardiothoracic surgeons who have excelled in clinical practice, made significant contributions to the field, and demonstrated leadership, mentorship, integrity, creativity, and expertise.
The inaugural Nina Starr Braunwald Lecture will be presented by Jennifer Doudna, PhD, a Nobel Prize-winning biochemist renowned for her pioneering work in gene editing. She will explore how scientific innovation is shaping the future of medicine. The Vivien T. Thomas Lecture will feature award-winning photojournalist and filmmaker Ami Vitale. A passionate advocate for social responsibility, she will demonstrate how authentic storytelling can drive meaningful, positive change.
The Society will honor President Jennifer Romano, MD, MS, for her invaluable contributions to the organization as the first female president to hold the office. A special reception will be held at the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, amidst a majestic backdrop of North American wildlife dioramas that adorn the hall. Space is limited for this event, so attendees are encouraged to add the reception to their cart during registration.
STS 2025 will offer practical courses on various surgical procedures, delivering an engaging and immersive learning experience for residents, early career surgeons, and all surgeons seeking to enhance their skills. The topics include aortic annular enlargement, TEVAR techniques for aneurysms and dissections, mitral valve repair, complex central airway reconstruction, and the Ross procedure.
For the second consecutive year, The Hub will serve as the focal point for cardiothoracic surgery trainees. The Hub’s lounge area will offer a variety of engaging sessions, including mock oral Interviews, job interview preparation, early career surgeon roundtable discussions, a trainee symposium with a luncheon, and more.
Attendees can also enjoy creative activities in The Hub, such as the collaborative mural project “Splashes of Hope,” where participants can contribute their creativity to artwork that will be donated to a local children's hospital. For those eager to capture memorable moments, the selfie station will offer a fun and interactive backdrop perfect for sharing on social media.
Additionally, a scavenger hunt will inspire attendees to engage in challenges via the Annual Meeting app, with opportunities to win prizes.
There’s still time to register, add ticketed events, and start planning your Los Angeles experience at sts.org/annualmeeting.
On day three of the STS 2025 Annual Meeting, Dr. Jeremiah Hayanga, professor of thoracic surgery, Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, West Virginia University, will present a session titled, Endobronchial Valve Therapy (EVT) versus Lung Volume Reduction Survey (LVRS) in the US. In this presentation, Dr. Hayanga and his research team will share new, risk-adjusted study results that provide fresh insights into treatments for severe emphysema.
Recent findings suggest that as surgical practices evolve, LVRS may offer better long-term results for patients with advanced emphysema compared to EBV therapy. Although EBV patients had shorter hospital stays, lower charges, and fewer pre-existing conditions, the study revealed they experienced more complications and a higher risk of death over time than those who underwent LVRS.
To be held Sunday, Jan. 25, at 8 a.m. during the larger “Modernized Solutions for Lung Failure, From Bench to Bedside” session, Dr. Hayanga will also discuss the limitations of lung transplantation as a solution for severe emphysema due to the shortage of donor organs.
“Surgical lung volume reduction, explored in the late 1990s, did not gain widespread acceptance due to its associated risks and the small pool of patients who were thought to benefit,” says Dr. Hayanga. “However, with advancements in surgical techniques and risk management, LVRS has seen improved outcomes, offering hope for patients who are not candidates for lung transplants.”
During the Saturday, Jan. 25 presentation of the James S. Tweddell Memorial Paper for Congenital Heart Surgery, Reilly Hobbs, MD, from the University of Utah Medical Center will explore the relationship between the volume of Norwood procedures performed at a center and patient outcomes based on findings from the National Pediatric Cardiology – Quality Improvement Collaborative Database study.
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Dr. Reilly Hobbs presented the Tweddell Memorial Paper on day two of STS 2025.
The Norwood procedure, a critical surgery for infants with single ventricle defects, has been extensively studied, but findings on how case volume affects outcomes have been inconsistent. This study examines data that clarifies the relationship between center case volume and survival and morbidity in patients undergoing this complex surgery.
In presenting the findings of the study, Congenital Heart Surgery, Volume-Outcome Relationship of Norwood Procedures: Insights from the National Pediatric Cardiology – Quality Improvement Collaborative Database, Dr. Hobbs will explain how centers were grouped based on their annual case volume—low, medium, and high—and how preoperative risk factors, complications, and survival outcomes were compared. He will also highlight how patients at high-volume centers had better outcomes than those at low-volume centers, including higher survival rates and lower mortality, particularly among patients with additional high-risk features.
“The findings indicate that the number of Norwood procedures performed at a center significantly impacts patient outcomes with high-volume centers consistently achieving better results than low-volume centers,” says Dr. Hobbs. “It’s essential to emphasize the role of case volume in complex congenital heart surgeries and explore the potential benefits of directing high-risk patients to more experienced centers. Further research is needed to identify the key factors that contribute to improved outcomes at high-volume centers, ultimately enhancing care for single ventricle patients.”
